RESUMO
El sistema inmunitario es una pieza fundamental en la defensa del organismo y participa en el mantenimiento de la homeostasis. Existe un interés creciente en las implicaciones etiopatogénicas y pronósticas del sistema inmunitario en los trastornos mentales, avalado por estudios previos que sugieren la existencia de una disregulación de la respuesta inmune y un estado proinflamatorio en pacientes con una enfermedad mental, así como la elevada prevalencia de síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes o que reciben tratamientos inmunológicos. En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica sobre el papel de la psiconeuroinmunología en los trastornos mentales, especialmente en aspectos diagnósticos, pronósticos y terapéuticos. El desarrollo de este cuerpo de conocimiento puede aportar en el futuro importantes avances en la vulnerabilidad, mecanismos etiopatogénicos, diagnóstico y tratamiento de algunos trastornos psiquiátricos
The immune system is a key element in the organism's defence system and participates in the maintenance of homeostasis. There is growing interest in the aetiopathogenic and prognostic implications of the immune system in mental disorders, as previous studies suggest the existence of a dysregulation of the immune response and a pro-inflammatory state in patients with mental disorders, as well as an increased prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases or receiving immune treatments. This study aims to conduct a narrative review of the scientific literature on the role of Psychoneuroimmunology in mental disorders, with special focus on diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic issues. The development of this body of knowledge may bring in the future important advances in the vulnerability, aetiopathogenic mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of some mental disorders
Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/imunologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Psiconeuroimunologia/métodos , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Sistema Imunitário/patologia , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Encefalite/complicações , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Esquizofrenia/complicaçõesRESUMO
The immune system is a key element in the organism's defence system and participates in the maintenance of homeostasis. There is growing interest in the aetiopathogenic and prognostic implications of the immune system in mental disorders, as previous studies suggest the existence of a dysregulation of the immune response and a pro-inflammatory state in patients with mental disorders, as well as an increased prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases or receiving immune treatments. This study aims to conduct a narrative review of the scientific literature on the role of Psychoneuroimmunology in mental disorders, with special focus on diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic issues. The development of this body of knowledge may bring in the future important advances in the vulnerability, aetiopathogenic mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of some mental disorders.
